The results of this study were published in science..
Another hormone, the 19 (FGF19) fibroblast growth factor, has characteristics of insulin beyond its role in the synthesis of bile acids. Unlike insulin, however, FGF19 has not caused excess glucose conversion to fat, suggesting that their activation may lead to new treatments for diabetes or obesity.
"The fundamental discovery, is that there is a path that exists and which is necessary for the body to store glucose in liver protein synthesis and unity after a meal." This path is independent of insulin, ", said Dr. David Mangelsdorf, Chair of Pharmacology at UT Southwestern."
Courses raising this route, therefore, could lead to new treatments for diabetes insulin therapy. The standard treatment for type 1 diabetes, which affects about 1 million people, in the United States is to take insulin several times per day to metabolize the sugar in the blood.
Dr. Mangelsdorf and Dr. Steven Kliewer, Professor of molecular biology and medicine of UT Southwestern, are the authors of the study. Dr. Kliewer studied the FGF19 hormone that he discovered his involvement in metabolism eight years ago.
The growth of fibroblasts factors nutritional metabolism of control and was released to the uptake of bile acids in the gut. Bile acid, produced by the liver to break down the fat in the body.
Researchers studied mice lacking FGF15 - rodent equivalent FGF19 hormone. These mice after eating, could not properly maintain the concentrations in the blood of normal amounts of glycogen in the liver and glucose. Glycogen is a form of storage of glucose found primarily in the liver and muscle tissue. Then, mice were injected with FGF19 to assess their effects on the metabolism in the liver.
FGF19 restore glycogen in mice lacking FGF15 levels. When administered to diabetic mice lacking insulin, FGF19 also corrects the loss of glycogen.
"FGF19 has no fat, and it is one of the effects that separates the insulin." Insulin does also not really have a dramatic effect in the synthesis of bile acids. Thus, two lanes are different, while working on the synthesis of protein and glycogen, "says Dr. Mangelsdorf, a Howard Hughes Medical Center Medical Institute investigator.
FGF19 manipulation as an alternative to insulin therapy remains a major challenge, however, given some adverse effects. In some studies, he said, the activation of hormone in liver caused rodents to grow and develop cancer.
A promising track for diabetes treatment may involve nuclear receptor FXR bile acids, Dr. Mangelsdorf said induced FGF19 expression. FXR MODULATORS (farnesoid x receptor) has shown that lower triglycerides and improve cholesterol profiles in preclinical models.
The principal author of the study is Serkan Kir, a UT Southwestern Graduate student in pharmacology. Were also involved in the study are researchers at Yale University School of Medicine; Case Western Reserve University; Van Andel Research Institute; and the Howard Hughes Medical Institute.
The work was supported by the national institutes of health, the foundation of Robert Welch, HHMI, Yale and case Western Reserve University mouse phenotyping metabolic centers.
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